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The authentic Arabic coffee is a stimulant drink that is drunk hot, and its color ranges from blond yellow to black, passing through brown, according to the degree of fermentation of the coffee beans. It is famous for the people of the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, the Levant and Egypt, and it is characterized as bitter and does not contain sugar at all. It is included in the Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization for the year 2015.
the first to bring it to Yemen; Its first home is in the Arabian Peninsula. It is a cleric from the people of Aden named Jamal al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Saeed al-Dhubhani, who lived in the middle of the ninth century AH (mid-fifteenth century AD) from Abyssinia, where he used to travel to it, and presented it to his family, friends and guests to adjust the mood And to recover from weakness and stress, then the farmers in Yemen began to grow coffee after drinking it spread in the upper class, and after that the public imitated them and drinking it spread among the Yemenis and it became a daily social habit, after that it moved to Mecca, so it spread to the Hijaz, after it spread in Egypt by Yemeni students They took it with them in their gallery at Al-Azhar Mosque to use it to stay up late in order to study and study, then it moved to Najd (the central region of the Arabian Peninsula), and in the fifteenth century, coffee reached Turkey, and from there it made its way to Venice in the year 1645 AD. Then coffee was transported to England in the year 1650 AD by a Turk named Baska Rossi, who opened the first coffee shop on Lombard Street in London in 1652 AD, so Arabic coffee became Turkish coffee, Italian coffee, and British coffee after the moods and desires of these peoples intervened in the preparation of coffee.
The physician Al-Razi, who lived in the tenth century AH, was the first to mention Al-Bin and Binsham in his book “Al-Hawi”. It was intended to these two words coffee and fruit drink. In the book "The Canon of Medicine" by Ibn Sina, who lived in the eleventh century, he mentions coffee and binsham in a list of medicines that includes 760 medicines.
A cup of Arabic coffee.
It is certain that coffee was growing wild in Abyssinia and Yemen. The Yemenis were the first to roast and crush coffee seeds. And recorded in the fifteenth century in Yemen, the first non-medical use of coffee. And it began to be cultivated on a large scale since that time.
It is coffee that is considered light in which cardamom grains are placed in some of the Arabs of the city and the desert in the Arabian Peninsula, and there is dark coffee for others, and it is usually bitter and sugar is never added to it, and it is served in a small cup whose mouth is wider than its base, made of porcelain or pottery since That's the first time it spread.
Arabic coffee is a symbol of generosity, and among the Arabs it has replaced camel milk, so they are proud of drinking it, and it has become a manifestation of masculinity in their eyes, and this does not mean that women do not drink it. Men hold special gatherings for her that are called alum, coffee, or diwaniya, and usually dates are served with her until nowadays it has become inherent to her after being available in large quantities.
Coffee has its own customs and special utensils among the Arabs. The most famous of these utensils is the dallah (plural Dalal), which some hosts bring from distant countries at exorbitant prices in the hope of a good reputation. There are different types of dals: among them are Al-Hasawiya, Al-Omaniyya, Al-Raslaniya, Al-Qurashiyya, and the oldest, most valuable and best of them are Al-Baghdadi, which are made in Iraq. And the name of each type indicates the place of its manufacture, with the exception of Al-Raslaniya, which is attributed to the Raslan family in the Levant, and the Qurashi, which is made in Makkah.
A cup of coffee with luqaimat.
On the other hand, the host gets angry if someone tells him that his coffee has an imbalance or a change in its taste as a result of the burning of its beans during roasting (roasting), or an insect has fallen into it, and they express this by saying: “Your coffee is a hunter”; In this case, the host must change his coffee immediately and replace it with another.
Coffee enjoys a lot of respect among the Arabs, including the Yemenis, the Levantines, the Gulf Arabs, and the Saudis in particular. And coffee has tribal customs that are known among people and all tribes. The coffee must be poured for the guests, and the pourer should be standing, holding the dallah with his left hand, serving the cup with the right hand, and never sitting down until all those present have finished drinking the coffee. Sometimes it is even better to add another cup to the guest if he has finished drinking, for fear that he may have been ashamed of asking for more. This is very generous.
When pouring coffee and serving it to the guests, it must start from the right, in accordance with the honorable Sunnah, or start directly with the guest if he is an elderly person, a sheikh, or a prince over his people. It is customary for him to repeat the pouring of coffee until the guest says “just” or by shaking the coffee cup.
There are etiquette inherited by all the people of the Arabian Peninsula in drinking coffee, which is that when pouring the coffee with the left hand and serving the cup with the right hand, and also the cup is handed over to the one who pours the coffee who is called (the coffee maker) with the right hand as well, some regions in Saudi Arabia require that the cup be not It is filled with coffee, but the coffee is poured into the cup with half the amount of the cup, and if the cup is filled and served to the guest, it is considered an insult to the guest. As for some, it is required that the cup be filled with coffee, so that its deficiency is considered an insult to them.
The skill of pouring coffee is also to make a slight sound as a result of the touching of the cups - that is, the cups into which the coffee is poured - and its singular, as mentioned - cup - with each other. This movement was intended to alert the guest if he was walking, as was previously mentioned in weddings, but in sorrows such as condolences, the coffee-server should not make a sound, even if lightly, just as one of the skills of drinking coffee is that the drinker shakes the cup right and left until the coffee cools, then he sips it quickly. Bedouin and Arab respect in the past for coffee is that if one of them had a request with the clan sheikh or the host, he would put his cup of coffee on the ground and not drink it, and the host, or the clan sheikh, would notice that, and he would ask him: "What do you need?" If he spent it for him, he commanded him to drink his coffee to be proud of himself. And if the guest refuses to drink coffee and the host ignores him and does not ask him what he asked for, then this is considered a great defect in his right, and this news spreads throughout the tribe. And rights holders usually respect these habits, so they do not exaggerate in impossible demands, and they do not ask for what is impossible to achieve, and each place has an article.
Coffee in the Arab custom is not not drinking, but how, art and taste in preparation, pouring and eating, just as it is not only for peace, but rather it is used for wars. For all tribes in the past, if a quarrel or fierce battles occurred between them and one of the tribes became incapacitated by a certain hero, the sheikh of the clan used to meet with its members and say: “Who drinks a cup of so-and-so and refers to the aforementioned hero?” (i.e., who takes care of him during the battle, and kills him?) The bravest member of the tribe says: “I drink from his cup.” Thus, he makes a covenant to himself in front of everyone that he will kill that hero or he will be killed in battle. What disgrace this man will bring upon his tribe if his promise is not kept! Thus, coffee turned from a symbol of intimacy and peace into a harbinger of war and destruction.
